First Treaty of Buffalo Creek-July 8, 1788
This treaty allowed Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham to purchase 6,000,000 acres of land in now western New York from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for $1,000,000 and the pre-emptive right to the title on the land from the Six Nations for $5,000.
Treaty of Canandaigua-November 11, 1794
Signed at Canandaigua, NY by fifty sachems and war chiefs representing the Grand Council of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and by Timothy Pickering representing George Washington and the USA.
Article 1: Promises "Perpetual peace and friendship" between America and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.
Article 2: Acknowledges lands belonging to the Oneida and gives them the legal right to sell the land of they wish.
Article 3: Legally defines the perimeter of Seneca territories.
Article 4: Maintains that America must not "claim or disturb" any lands belonging to the Haudenosaunee Confederacy.
Article 5: Legally acknowledges that the road from "Fort Schlosser to Lake Erie, as far south as Buffalo Creek" belong to the Seneca Nation.
Article 6: Promises $4,500 each year to the Haudenosaunee Confederacy from America.
Article 7: States that if the "perpetual peace and friendship" between the Haudenosaunee Confederacy and America were to be disturbed in any way, that the conflict would be resolved peacefully by a third party.
Second Treaty of Buffalo Creek/Treaty with the New York Indians -January 15, 1838
Article 1: "New York Indians" agreed to "cede and relinquish to the United States all their rights, titles, and interests to the lands secured to the at Green bay by the Menominee Treaty of 1831, excepting the following tract, on which a part of the New York Indians now reside." The tract was 65, 436 acres or 100 acres for each of the 654 Oneida presently there, establishing the Oneida Reservation of Wisconsin.
Article 2: Sets aside a tract of country west of the State of Missouri as a permanent home for all "New York Indians" residing in New York, Wisconsin, or elsewhere in the US.
Article 3: If the "New York Indians" do not move to the set aside land in five years or other time to the Presidents discretion, shall forfeit all interest in the lands so set apart.
Article 4: Promises perpetual peace and friendship between the US and "New York Indians" and the US guarantees to protect and defend them in the peaceable possession and enjoyment of their new homes.
Third Treaty of Buffalo Creek/Treaty with the Seneca of 1842-May 20, 1842
This treaty restored native title to the Allegany, Cattaraugus, and Oil Springs reservations as well as prohibits the assessment of property tax on native lands until they are sold to non-native owners.
Fourth Treaty of Buffalo Creek/Treaty with the Seneca, Tonawanda Band-November 5, 1857
The Tonawanda Seneca Nation objected to their inclusion in the previous treaties, claiming that their chiefs were not included in negotiations and the Seneca chiefs present did not represent them. When the land agents came to claim the Tonawanda reservation land, they refused to leave.
The treaty resulted in the Tonawanda Seneca buying back most of their reservation with the money set aside for their removal to Kansas. It also resulted in their official secession from the main Seneca nation and restored their traditional government of a Council of Chiefs based on consensus.
